and skepticism concerning metaphysical claims, which are considered unverifiable by modern science. In matters of religion, the problem of validating metaphysical claims is most readily seen in all of the "proofs" for the existence

namely evil, as well as the metaphysical ambiguity of nature, since kenosis requires free will , and free will requires genuine metaphysical ambiguity and makes evil deeds a possibility. Moreover, evolution is also entailed; special creation would

traces the links between metaphysical contextualizations of teleology and theories of divine action, stressing the metaphysical ambiguity which complicates these links. If the locus of the teleological principle is natural law, divine action

equations requires metaphysical determinism in nature, because of complexities in the experimental testing of the mathematical models used in chaos theory. In particular, it may be very difficult to distinguish phenomenologically between

Then she surveys changes in metaphysical views of matter and causation from ancient to modern philosophy. The historical survey is intended to put in question current metaphysical assumptions about the nature of matter and of natural causes, as

successfully support the metaphysical or moral uniqueness of DNA. Even DNA’s capacity to replicate does not elevate this molecule to a higher metaphysical or moral level. Replication and sexual reproduction are important capacities,

requires the adoption of a metaphysical view of the nature of reality. He claims that there is no “deductive” way of going “from epistemology to ontology ,” but the strategy of critical realism is to maximize the connection.

criteria, including metaphysical principles. Theologians who believe that divine action requires indeterministic physical processes have every right to prefer Bohr’s conventional approach, as long as they do not claim that science

says about evolution’s metaphysical implications carry any weight at all? Physicist-priest John Polkinghorne , one of the most esteemed scholars of science and religion featured in the movie, rightly reminds us that “metaphysical claims

with epistemological and metaphysical reductionism to portray all of nature as an impersonal mechanism. David Hume challenged the arguments for God as first cause and as designer. In response, Immanuel Kant constructed a new