In response to the latter, a position frequently adopted by <!g>sociobiologists, <!g>Hefner points to trans-kin altruism as posing a key challenge to sociobiological --- and traditional religious --- conceptions of human nature. He then draws on <!g>Donald Campbell, Ralph Burhoe, <!g>Solomon Katz and others to claim that sociobiology and theology focus on the same phenomenon from differing perspectives. Hefner, <!g>The human factor, Chs. 11, 12.