In response to the latter, a position frequently adopted by sociobiologists, Hefner points to trans-kin altruism as posing a key challenge to sociobiological --- and traditional religious --- conceptions of human nature. He then draws on Donald Campbell, Ralph Burhoe, Solomon Katz and others to claim that sociobiology and theology focus on the same phenomenon from differing perspectives. Hefner, The human factor, Chs. 11, 12.