For a non-technical introduction, see James Trefil and Robert M. Hazen, The Sciences: An Integrated Approach, Second Edition / Updated Edition (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000), Ch. 15, Donald Goldsmith, Einstein's Greatest Blunder? The Cosmological Constant and Other Fudge Factors in the Physics of the Universe (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1995), Chs. 1- 9, James S. Trefil, The Moment of Creation: Big Bang Physics from Before the First Millisecond to the Present Universe (New York: MacMillan Publishing Company, 1983), Chs. 1-9, Willem B. Drees, Beyond the Big Bang: Quantum Cosmologies and God (La Salle, Ill.: Open Court, 1990), Appendix 1; George F. Ellis and William R. Stoeger, S.J., "Introduction to General Relativity and Cosmology," in Quantum Cosmology and the Laws of Nature: Scientific Perspectives on Divine Action, ed. Robert J. Russell, Nancey C. Murphy and Chris J. Isham, Scientific Perspectives on Divine Action Series (Vatican City State; Berkeley, Calif.: Vatican Observatory Publications; Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences, 1993), 33-48 William R. Stoeger, S.J., "Key Developments in Physics Challenging Philosophy and Theology," in Religion and Science: History, Method, Dialogue, ed. W. Mark Richardson and Wesley J. Wildman (New York: Routledge, 1996), 183-200; Christopher Southgate, Celia Deane-Drummond, et al., eds., God, Humanity and the Cosmos: A Textbook in Science and Religion (Harrisburg: Trinity Press International, 1999), p. 35-39. For a technical introduction, see J. D. North, The Measure of the Universe: A History of Modern Cosmology (New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1965 (1990)); Charles W. Misner, Kip S. Thorne and John Archibald Wheeler, Gravitation (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1973), Part VI; Steven Weinberg, Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1972), Part V.