Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804) Prussian philosopher. Kant is considered to be the paradigmatic philosopher of the Modern era, removing the last traces of scholasticism from philosophy in the eighteen century. He agreed with the

Descartes, together with Immanuel Kant , bequeathed a picture of the self- conscious and self-reliant, self-transparent and all-responsible individual, which continues to permeate contemporary thought even where Descartes’s substance

of Thomas Hobbes and Immanuel Kant . Still, the determinism of the laws of physics has raised problems for human behavior. Materialists like Hobbes have simply accepted determinism, while dualists such as Descartes have sought to avoid

they mean what philosopher Immanuel Kant meant, namely, that we treat each human being as an end, not merely as a means to some further end. The United Church of Canada eloquently voices the dominant view: “In non-theological terms it

philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that science and religion were two separate domains that must be kept apart. But even in the eighteenth century there was no idea of a warfare between the two spheres.

designer. In response, Immanuel Kant constructed a new metaphysical system in which religion lies not in our knowing (the activity of pure reason) but in our sense of moral obligation (the activity of practical reason). The effect was to