'blunt' nature of downward causation to account for the minimal ways in which we can see the Divine acting at the level of human experience; as in 'trickle-down economics' the lower levels may not see the effects originating at higher levels.

(e.g., when bottom-up causation dominates and microcomponents maintain their individual properties) and when it is not suitable (e.g., when either top-down causation is involved or when cooperative phenomena change the behavior of

that the main issue is causation.  To say that the mental level of functioning is not reducible is to say that a complete causal account of what goes on in the world has to take it into account. Now it may be difficult, surprisingly so,

the concept of downward causation . Related Topics: Philosophy Contributed by: Dr. Nancey Murphy Search for Campbell, Donald Full Glossary Index

the limitations of natural causation and the consequent necessity for supplemental action by a non-natural intelligent agent. Sometimes, however, Dembski’s purely theoretical argumentation regarding these issues seems abstruse and

demonstrated that natural causation is unable to generate this specified complexity and that the assembling of these biological systems must, therefore, have required the aid of a non-natural action called “intelligent design.” In his

demonstrated that natural causation is unable to generate this specified complexity and that the assembling of these biological systems must, therefore, have required the aid of a non-natural action called “intelligent design.” In his

Downward Causation Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit Different Understandings of Chance Determinism, Indeterminism and Their Implications

Problems of Beginnings and Causation The Congruence of Cosmological Ideas and Hindu Thought The Cosmology and the Religious Quest The Need for Wisdom in Addition to Knowledge Caution Against Searching for Support for

of Beginnings and Causation Play David Ray Griffin on Process Theology Play Trinh Xuan Thuan on Buddhist Perspectives on Design